NOTE J – STOCK OPTIONS AND WARRANTS

Employee Stock Options

The Company maintains an equity incentive plan (the “2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan was established in 2020 as an incentive plan for officers, employees, non-employee directors, prospective employees and other key persons. The 2020 Plan replaced the 2010 Amended and Restated Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2010 Plan”), which expired on November 17, 2020. The 2020 Plan is administered by the Board of Directors or the compensation committee, which is comprised of not less than two non-employee directors who are independent. A total of 10,000,000 shares of stock were reserved and available for issuance under the 2020 Plan. The exercise price per share for the stock covered by a stock option granted shall be determined by the administrator at the time of grant but shall not be less than 100 percent of the fair market value on the date of grant. The term of each stock option shall be fixed by the administrator, but no stock option shall be exercisable more than ten years after the date the stock option is granted. As of December 31, 2022, there were approximately 10,000,000 shares remaining for issuance under the 2020 Plan.

It is anticipated that providing such persons with a direct stake in the Company’s welfare will assure a better alignment of their interests with those of the Company and its stockholders.

The following table summarizes the changes in options outstanding and the related prices for the shares of the Company’s common stock issued to employees of the Company under the 2010 Plan as of December 31, 2022. No options have been issued under the 2020 Plan.  

Transactions involving stock options issued to employees are summarized as follows:  

The expected life of awards granted represents the period of time that they are expected to be outstanding. The Company determines the expected life based on historical experience with similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms, vesting schedules, exercise patterns and pre-vesting and post-vesting forfeitures. The Company estimates the volatility of the Company’s common stock based on the calculated historical volatility of the Company’s common stock using the share price data for the trailing period equal to the expected term prior to the date of the award. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term equal to the expected life of the award. The Company has not paid any cash dividends on the Company’s common stock and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Consequently, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero in the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and records share-based compensation for those awards that are expected to vest. In accordance with ASC 718-10, the Company calculates share-based compensation for changes to the estimate of expected equity award forfeitures based on actual forfeiture experience.

There were no options granted in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The total fair value of underlying shares related to options that vested during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0 and $5,053, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of the vested options was zero 0 as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022 no options were granted, exercised or cancelled, but 822,946 expired. During the year ended December 31, 2021 no options were granted, exercised, cancelled or expired. Total stock-based compensation expense in connection with options granted to employees recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0 and $7,262 respectively.

Warrants

The following table summarizes the changes in warrants outstanding and the related exercise price for the warrants issued.

Transactions involving warrants are summarized as follows:   

The active warrants relate to those owned by VDA as a result of the VDA Transaction, which closed on January 7, 2022.